Autores
Vivan, J.V. (IFTO CAMPUS PARAÍSO DO TOCANTINS) ; Costa, F.A. (IFTO CAMPUS PARAÍSO DO TOCANTINS) ; Gomes, N.B. (IFTO CAMPUS PARAÍSO DO TOCANTINS) ; Viroli, S.L.M. (IFTO CAMPUS PARAÍSO DO TOCANTINS) ; Veloso, C. (IFTO CAMPUS PARAÍSO DO TOCANTINS)
Resumo
The work evaluated the water in shallow residential wells located in the city of
Paraíso do Tocantins. Monthly samples were collected between February and
September 2021, totaling 18 samples. The physicochemical analyzes followed the
methodology described by Baird and the microbiological ones that of FUNASA. The
results were compared with the standards of the Consolidation Ordinance No.
5/2017 and CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of 15/2005. The Tukey test was performed to
verify if there was a significant difference. The results showed compliance with
the legislation for the analysis of chloride, pH, turbidity, copper, chromium and
manganese. The microbiological analyzes showed disagreement with Ordinance No.
5/2017MS, making the waters of the wells unfit for consumption.
Palavras chaves
Weathering; Chemical physical analysi; underground water
Introdução
In peripheral urban areas, groundwater from shallow wells are considerable
sources for human consumption, but there can be contamination by impurity that
are absorbed by the openings of the wells and can reach the water table
(VASCONCELOS et al, 2018). Used batteries and batteries contain mercury,
lead, cadmium, nickel, among others, are heavy metals that are potentially
dangerous to health and can contaminate soil and groundwater for many years when
disposed of incorrectly (FICARIS M; MOREIRA S, 2004). Water contaminated with
heavy metals causes problems for the environment and the health of those who
consume it, even in low concentrations, as its toxicological and physiological
effects are serious (FERRAZ et al, 2018). Contamination can start with
the inoperability or lack of the city's sanitary system, in addition to the lack
of guidelines from the government to the population on the risks and seriousness
to the health of consumers of untreated water from underground wells (FERRAZ
et al, 2018). The monitoring of water contributes to determining problems
of pollution and contamination of metals, helping the treatment and minimizing
the use of chemical substances for its purification (CAMILO et al, 2019).
Physical-chemical procedures must be performed to certify water quality by
identifying and quantifying abnormal concentrations of heavy metals responsible
for public health problems (CAMILO et al, 2019). The present study
determined the physicochemical parameters: chloride, hydrogenic potential,
turbidity, copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and microbiological
parameters: total and thermotolerant coliforms in water from shallow wells in
the Vila Regina Sector, municipality of Paraíso do Tocantins in the State of
Tocantins.
Material e métodos
The collections were carried out monthly from February to July 2021 from 6:00 am
and 8:00 am in 3 (three) randomly chosen shallow wells in residences in the Vila
Regina Sector, located in the municipality of Paraíso do Tocantins, totaling 18
samples. (6 samples per chosen well) analyzed. The samples were collected
according to the methodology described by the National Health Foundation
(FUNASA, 2006). After collection, the samples were placed in a thermal box at
4°C and transported to the Sanitation Laboratory of the Federal Institute of
Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins, Paraíso do Tocantins campus,
where physical, chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed. The
spectrophotometric measurements of the analyzed metals were carried out in a UV-
Vis spectrophotometer. The methodological procedures to determine copper (Cu),
chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn), chloride, hydrogen potential and turbidity
were performed in triplicate and followed the methodology described by Baird
et al. (2017). Total and thermotolerant coliforms were determined using
the Multiple Tube technique, according to procedures described by the National
Health Foundation. The results were compared with the maximum values allowed
with the standards established by the Consolidation Ordinance No. 5, of
September 28, 2017 (BRASIL, 2017) and in CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of June 15,
2005, which deal with the procedures control and surveillance of water quality
(BRASIL, 2011). It was the Tukey test at the 5% level of significance to verify
if there was a significant difference between the results. All statistical
analyzes were performed using the Sisvar program version 5.6 (FERREIRA, 2019).
Resultado e discussão
According to table 1, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the
physicochemical and microbiological results for the analyzed well water samples.
Means followed by the same letter in the lines do not differ from each other (p
> 0.05). According to Table 1, the results of the physicochemical analyzes of
chloride, pH, turbidity, copper. chromium and manganese from the water samples
from the wells complied with the legislation CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005 and
Ordinance No. 5/2017MS. Oliveira et al. (2018) found results for chloride
and turbidity in accordance with legislation and pH in disagreement with
legislation in water from artesian wells. The microbiological analyzes showed
disagreement with Ordinance No. 5/2017MS. Possible causes of contamination of
the waters of the researched wells are due to the fact that they do not have
external protection, remaining always open, lack of infrastructure in some parts
of the neighborhood, proximity to septic tanks and frequency of rodents and
birds in the researched places due to the area being close from the countryside.
Nunes et al. (2018) found results above the limit established by
legislation in 50% of the analyzed samples. Camilo et al (2019)
performing microbiological analysis found compliance with legislation for all
samples analyzed. Zamilian, Paula and Zamilian (2018), performing a
microbiological assessment of water from Artesian wells in Rondônia, found 30%
of the samples contaminated with total and thermotolerant coliforms. With the
presence of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms, water can no longer be
consumed without prior treatment, as it requires treatment with some
antibacterial agent, such as chlorine (KUHN; ZART; OLIVEIRA, 2015).
Conclusões
The results obtained demonstrated compliance with CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005
and Ordinance No. 5/2017MS for the analysis of chloride, pH, turbidity, copper.
chromium and manganese. The microbiological analyzes showed disagreement with
Ordinance No. 5/2017MS, making the waters from wells A, B and C unsuitable for
fresh consumption, requiring prior treatment with a bactericidal agent in the
wells, monitoring and educational actions to eradicate the sources of
contamination and dissemination of diseases caused by individuals who consume
this water.
Agradecimentos
To God, to the IFTO Paraíso do Tocantins campus
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